Infectious diseases, also known as intestinal infections, are diseases caused by the introduction of micro-organisms or parasites into the body through any disease-causing pathway. These diseases are often referred to as infectious diseases because they can pass from one individual to another or from one species to another.
Disease-causing organisms can be viruses, bacteria, rickettsia’s, fungi. All infectious diseases are characterized by the ability to pass to humans in one or more ways. From one person to another, from animals to humans. It can also be transmitted from contaminated soil.
The most common forms of contamination are:
- Through the air (coughing, sneezing, spray and inhalation of droplets from the mouth during a conversation (tuberculosis, whooping cough and various respiratory diseases)
- Direct skin contact through the use of materials such as laundry, bedding and food items used by the patients;
- Transmission from animals/ insects to human (the most vivid example of which is the mosquito carried by anophyllous mosquitoes, and pigeons carry the disease “psittacosis”);
- With contaminated water, contaminated foods and beverages (water-borne illnesses can be listed as typhoid, dysentery, cholera, paratyphoid; food poisoning and gastroenteritis can occur with food);
- Infection from a diseased mother during pregnancy or during birth with infectious disease of the baby (syphilis, rubella, gonorrhea, or gonorrhea) can be transmitted through this way.
In the immunity brought artificially, the person is given attenuated, dead microbes or germs. Antibodies are formed against these without any indication of disease. Thus, the person is protected against the disease. This is the vaccine against many diseases. Vaccines are not effective in any infectious disease, but only in a number of diseases.
Potential patients who can be infected:
This group includes patients who:
- Visit the infectious patients and/or rooms where patients are accommodated
- Infants who are younger than 3 months ,
- Those who have infectious diseases in their family,
- Those who are old and bedridden,
- Those who have a disease that infects the immune system such as cancer,
- Those who use immunosuppressive drugs.
In infectious diseases there are some symptoms that are found in almost all patients. These: fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, headache, general body pain. Some diseases can be rashes (red, measles, etc..). Diarrhea is common in diseases that involve the digestive system.
Every newborn child should get vaccinated at a certain time. Keep your body strong and keep a lot of attention to healthy foods. A healthy life is important. If it is necessary to go where the infectious disease epidemic is obligatory, a medication should be consulted about the measures to be taken and the vaccinations to be carried out. Do not eat unclean foods, should pay attention to body hygiene.
The treatment of infectious diseases varies widely, depending on the type of disease-causing microbes. Penicillin and similar antibiotics are effective against bactericides. Diseases caused by protozoan (single-celled living) microorganisms such as malaria are also treated with medicines composed of various chemical substances. Antibiotic do not affect the disease caused by viruses.
Major infectious diseases are: Gonorrhea, Brucellosis, Varicella, Diphtheria, Dysentery (amygous or basil), Influenza, Hepatitis, Measles, Cholera, Meningitis, Psittacosis, Malaria, Fever, Tetanus, Tularemia, Tuberculosis, and Typhus.
